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Question: Discuss about the teaching the theory of deep Breathing and Coughing to a surgical Patient. Answer: Introduction The deep breathing and coughing exercise in necessary for patients after surgery since it helps to reduce the risk of various lung problems. It is the responsibility of a health professional to teach patients deep breathing and coughing exercise after surgery since it helps to lower the risk of lung problems. It is common for patients to take shallow breaths after surgery because of limited mobility or pain. This report will focus on teaching the theory of deep breathing and coughing to a surgical patient, as it protects from various lung complications. Dillon Harper is a 57-year-old man with triple coronary artery disease; about seven months ago he had a myocardial infarction. Mr. Harper works in a magazine company for 18 years which is mostly sitting work, before that he was in the accounts department of an investment company. Mr. Harper is married to Jamie Harper, and they have two children, Mr. Harper belongs from an upper-middle-class family, and he speaks fluent English. He recently has Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting surgery which was successful, and a few days ago doctor removed his breathing tube. This essay will teach the theory of deep breathing and coughing to Mr. Harper and provide him recommendations as per his socioeconomic conditions. Requirement of Deep Breathing and Coughing Exercise for a Surgical Patient After a major surgery, it is necessary for the patient to take an active part in his/her recovery, and doing breathing exercise after surgery is critical for the health of a patient. The human lung tissues are made up of multiple air sacs called alveolar sacs; these sacs expanded fully during normal breathing. After a major surgery, it is normal that patient takes shallow breaths due to limited mobility or pain, which may cause secretions, i.e., mucous, to stay in the lungs of the patient (Urell, Emtner, Hedenstrm, Tenling, Breidenskog, Westerdahl, 2011). The secretion collapses the air sacs which is called atelectasis. The deep breathing and coughing exercise right after surgery can be uncomfortable for the patients and many people avoid it due to pain, but, this exercise is necessary to avoid diseases such as pneumonia (Westerdahl Olsen, 2015). These exercises assist the patient in clearing his lungs from mucus which help him breathe and reduce the risk of diseases. After waking up from a minor surgery, the patient should breathe deeply and cough every hour for the first two or three days and in major surgery he/she should wait till pain is gone (Chailler, 2009). The patient should also move and change his/her position often while doing the exercise. As per the study conducted by Rudan et al. (2011), the breathing and coughing exercises following coronary artery bypass surgery assist in improving the pulmonary functions (Chest, 2005). Learning and Justification of the Theories To perform the breathing theory, the patient should be in a comfortable position, supine or sitting up. The patient can start the breathing exercise by relaxing his/her shoulders and upper chest. The patient should take a deep breath through his/her nose letting the lower abdomen move and expanding the lower rib cage, and mouth should be closed (Saxena Saxena, 2009). Hold the breath for around three to five seconds and then slowly breathe out through the mouth. Repeat the same thing three more times. Taking too much breath can cause dizziness or light-head. Perform this exercise for around an hour. Another theory of deep breathing is to sit or stand with the arms resting on the side. Taking a slow breath through the nose and raising the arms above the head at the same time (Nidhi Tamang, 2015). After that lower the arms back to the side and slowly breathe out through the mouth at the same time. The patient should complete five breathing cycles at a time (Overend, Anderson, Jackson, Lucy, Prendergast, Sinclair, 2010). The coughing theory should be done when the patient is feeling comfortable. The healthcare provider should tell you not to do the exercise if you are not ready. For this exercise first, lie on the back and bend the knees (if surgeon suggested so) or rest your feet straight. As per the condition of surgery, the patient might take the support of incision firmly or small pillow before trying to cough (Keefer, 2017). After that, the patient should breathe in deeply and cough firmly. If mucous come while coughing then it tissues should be used to clear it. The coughing should be repeated till there is no mucous left. The patient can take a break in the exercise if there is a lot of mucous, and he/she should repeat it five times (Filbay, Hayes Holland, 2012). Adjustment in Theories based on Clients Preferences In case of Mr. Harper, he should apply these theories into his daily routine few days after his surgery or after the permission of his surgeon. Mr. Harper should wait after the surgery till the pain in his incision is gone. The health professionals might give an analgesic to Mr. Harper if the pain is present in his incision. He should also perform these exercises at home to reduce the risk of pneumonia. At the hospital, the healthcare staff can help him, and in his home, he can use the help of his family. Mr. Harpers wife and children can encourage him to perform the exercise regularly, and they can also perform these exercises with him, to ensure that he is periodically doing his sessions. Mr. Harper can perform this exercise at his office since he has a sitting job. He can take regular breaks while working to do these exercises. Mr. Harper can use a clock or timer from his phone to set time for daily sessions and do them regularly while he is in the office. These theories are essential to perform after Mr. Harpers Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting surgery since he is highly vulnerable to pneumonia (Mohr et al., 2013). If the patient did not have a sitting job, then he/she can take breaks from work to perform the exercises. Conclusion To conclude, the deep breathing and coughing theory is necessary after a major surgery since patients take shallow breaths due to pain or low mobility. The risk of pneumonia and lung diseases increased after a surgery. To avoid such diseases the patient should regularly perform the exercise as discussed above. In case of Mr. Harper, these exercises are extremely important since patients are highly vulnerable to pneumonia after a Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting surgery. These exercises will reduce the risk of diseases and help him improve his health. References Chailler, M. (2009).Cold therapy for the management of pain associated with deep breathing and coughing post cardiac surgery (Doctoral dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada)). Filbay, S. R., Hayes, K., Holland, A. E. (2012). Physiotherapy for patients following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery: limited uptake of evidence into practice.Physiotherapy theory and practice,28(3), 178-187. Keefer, A. (2017). Goal of Deep Breathing Coughing Exercises. Live Strong. Retrieved from https://www.livestrong.com/article/341748-goal-of-deep-breathing-coughing-exercises/ Mohr, F. W., Morice, M. C., Kappetein, A. P., Feldman, T. E., Sthle, E., Colombo, A., ... Houle, V. M. (2013). 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