The Rise Of The Progressive Era - 1418 Words

During the Progressive Era, which was known as a large reform movement, there was a widespread across the United States of political reform and social activism. The main focus and goal of the Progressives and their movement was lowering government involvement and eliminating corruption in the government. Progressives reacted to problems caused by large factories and cities. Furthermore, they attacked big corporations, such as the Armour meat-packing company and others, for how harsh their practices were. The progressives exposed these companies and how they treated workers, removed competitors, and set high prices. The meatpacking industry capitalized when the growth of livestock farming in the Midwest started to grow rapidly. Meatpacking companies and industries, such as the Armour meat-packing company, handle the slaughtering, processing, and distribution of animals including cattle and pigs. Although the meatpacking industry created a lot of jobs, working in a meatpacking company was not luxurious because the factories were unsanitary, unregulated, and tremendously dangerous. In the Progressive Era, influential journalists wanted to expose the government and big business of their flaws to American citizens with using factual and proven evidence against them. Muckrakers, who are journalists that seek out the truth of corruption among the government and business leaders, became well known due to how many people were amazed by the revealed injustices and dishonesty in theShow MoreRelatedThe Progressive Era And Political Reform1330 Words   |  6 Pages The Progressive era was a period around 1890-1920, in which the rise of social activism became apparent as well as political reform. Americans during this time began to move away from rural and began to colonize cities. Progressive activists at the time sought to eliminate government corruption, increase regulation in business practices, and address and resolve health issues in the work force. Journalists known as muckrakers were catalysts of change by informing the public about prominent issuesRead MoreAnaly sis Of The Gilded Age And Progressive Era1108 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Gilded Age and Progressive Era Throughout the history of time, people named certain time periods based on the events that occurred. People considered the time from the 1890s to 1916 as a shift of the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era when many things changed dramatically. The â€Å"Gilded Age† was the time of innovation, invention, and rapid growth, but the presence of monopolies sprouted everywhere in American’s economy and led to social inequalities. Then the Progressive Era responded to the exploitationRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of American History1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe progressive era is one of the most researched times in American history due to the multiple social and economic movements that took place. When historians argue about progressivism, they are not just debating about events of a century ago, they are struggling to interpret the basic meaning of American democracy. The progressive era is a widely debated topic among many historians. It is known as a time period that consist ed of economic, political, social, and moral reforms. In summary the progressiveRead MoreEssay about The Progressive Era: Conflicting Viewpoints1651 Words   |  7 PagesThe Progressive Era: Conflicting Viewpoints Works Cited Missing Two people witnessing the same event can have very different views on it depending on their information and perspective. The presentation of history also changes depending on the resources and prior prejudices and personal views of the historian. Four historian’s interpretations on the Progressive Era and Progressivism were reviewed to determine whether their arguments and use of evidence were sound. Also, the particular knownRead MoreThe Gilded Age : The Challenges Of The Progressive Era1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican society spurred the Progressive Era, named for the various ‘progressive’ movements that attracted various constituencies around various reforms† (Andrew et al. 1). This new era was the age in which people tried to solve problems through individual and group action. The Progressive Movement was dedicated to the advancement of women’s rights and social reform by targeting trusts and protecting wildlife areas; however, despite their reform tendencies, progressives continually denied African AmericansRead MoreThe Gilded Age : An Era Of Extreme Corruption1169 Words   |  5 Pages1890’s. Then the next era would be the Progressive Era beginning from where the Gilded Age left off till around 1920. Though these eras are accepted in the historical community, some historians argue that it is useless to label these two as separate eras in American history. One historian is Rebecca Edwards in her article Politics, Social Movement, and the Periodization of U.S. History. She argues that the Gilded Age and the Progressive should be known as one Long Progressive Era, and I agree with herRead MoreWomen During The Progressive Era987 Words   |  4 PagesWoman in the progressive era What is a woman’s role? Is it to be a housewife and take care of her husband and children? Or is it much more then that. Between the years 1897- 1917 the progressive era came of age. This era not only created rapid economic growth but also created a voice for woman. As woman began to have a voice they were ready to use it and make a change that would affect American history forever. The progressive era was an era of change. The great depression had just ended andRead MoreThe Progressive Movement Of The American Progressive Era1259 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to the American Progressive Era there is really no other movement like it. This was a movement that had not just one but many faces that ranged from people as big as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson to people like Jane Addams that accomplished so much. It was a movement so broad that it encompassed basically everyone and spoke not just to but for all those excluded from power. It also wasn’t just one big movement but a conglomeration of them varying from social, to economic, toRead MoreEssay on American Imperialism1074 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since its inception, America as a nation has developed and progressed according to trends of change that collectively define an era. Like all other eras, the time period of 1875-1925 experienced growth, changes, movements, and new ideals. It is the way that these changes came about that defines this era. Americans started to push for changes in many arenas of life that were previously unchallenged. New experiences and opportunities were also presented to America thatRead MoreThe Successes of Progressive Era Reformers800 Words   |  4 Pages The Successes of Progressive Era Reformers The Progressive movement was very influential in many ways to early twentieth century America. Businesses became safer, and much more respectful towards their employees. Society accepted moral changes, and became safer communities. The government was affected by the Progressive movement becoming much more democratic, and caring more for the needs of its people. The Progressive movement was successful in reforming American business, society and its government

Global Warming and Climate Change Essay - 2849 Words

Global warming and climate change threaten the very existence of mankind; understanding the affects of each and implementing measures to save this planet are of dire urgency. Global warming has become a threat to everything and everyone on Earth. Global warming is caused by many natural and manmade processes that continue to affect our environment. The release of carbon dioxide and methane gases are the two main contributors to climate change. With the warming of the environment almost inevitable now, methane gases are sure to become an even bigger contributor as the planet warms and the ice melts at the poles. It is going to take a global effort, like none ever seen before, to slow down and bring global warming to a much more†¦show more content†¦With global warming and the burning of fossil fuels this is putting more carbon dioxide and methane gases into the atmosphere and is preventing the normal reflection of the sun’s rays from being reflected back into spa ce because these gases trap the suns heat within. This trapping, coupled with global temperature rise are causing the extreme climate changes that are remapping our planet. Climate change can be defined as significant change in the global climates over relatively short periods of time. Other than the natural release of carbon dioxide, there is a significant increase in carbon dioxide and methane being released caused by the actions of man. (EcoBridge, n.d.). There are many causes as to why man has accelerated the natural carbon dioxide process and one that cannot be easily reversed without extreme measures being implemented with our current way of life. Carbon dioxide emissions stem from the burning of fossil fuels for electricity. Also, Carbon dioxide emissions produced by the use of cars and trucks account for about approximately one third of carbon dioxide emissions in the U.S. alone. (EcoBridge, n.d.). The burning of fossil fuels such as coal are the greatest contributor s of carbon dioxide emissions among energy producing processes. Coal facilities release tons of carbon into the atmosphere every day. Cars/trucks vary in the amount of carbon dioxide they release from one car to the next.Show MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concernsRead MoreClimate Change Of Global Warming924 Words   |  4 Pages Figure 0.1 shows the different effects of global warming. Global warming is the warming of our planet at an extreme rate. The Earth’s climate has warmed by 7.8OC since 1880. (Quick facts about science, 2015). What causes global warming? The cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide. This acts like a blanket. Protecting the earth, and heating the earth. Sun rays would normally bounce around the earth, but with the blanket, the sun rays heat the blanket which heats the earth. (Petersen ScienceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1398 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming and climate change have been frequent topics of discussion over the past several years. Although people tend to focus on the politics, it is important to look past the media aspects of it into the cold hard facts of what our Earth is currently experiencing, and what has caused it in the first place. The cause of climate change includes natural causes, but human causes are what is generating such a rapid global temperature change. It’s time that the ways in which humanity affectsRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1060 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change (Klaus) 1000 The terms â€Å"global warming†, â€Å"climate change† or â€Å"greenhouse effect† have become more than just parts of the popular lexicon as they rather are subject of public discussions, scientific research or political debates. Despite the popularity and the ubiquity of these terms, the public’s theoretical and conceptual understanding of them and their causal relations is often based on superficial knowledge and buzzwords or caricatures outlined and depicted in several popular mediaRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. This means that, no matter what policies, processes or actions are implemented, the Earth as we know it will never be the same again. There is significant evidence to support this hypothesis. The dilemma becomes whether we can limit the damage and adapt to a new status quo or not. Rising sea levels and the damage caused by this phenomenon has irreversible impacts on coastlines worldwide. Damage to sensitive reef systems cannot be fixed. This alsoRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1022 Words   |  5 PagesWhat = Climate Change Who = Emma, Aoife, Julia, Rachael, Mariah and Cà ©line What is it? Climate Change is a change in the demographic distribution of weather patterns, and related change in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, happening over time scales of decades or longer. It’s the world’s greatest threat. Climate change is the change in temperature over a period of time. It involves the greenhouse effect and global warming. Where is it? It is an issue affecting everyone everywhere. ClimateRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1474 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon, known as â€Å"smog† became an often daily occurrence in big, urbanized cites across the globe. Also, Al Gore’s book, An Inconvenient Truth, popularized the issue of climate change and global warming as a result of the damage that the modern world has done to the atmosphere. He noted that people resist the facts about climate change due to the inconvenience of changing their lifestyles. But, uninhibited industrialization of several countries has led to intense modernization and revolution of theRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming928 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will discuss climate change and global warming on the economy. The paper also gives a description on climate change and global warming. As well as what it hold for future business owners. It will also discuss what the government is doing about climate change/global warming. Climate change is a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). For example, it could show up as a change in climate normal (expected average values for temperature and precipitation)Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere and

Romeo And Juliet (637 words) Essay Example For Students

Romeo And Juliet (637 words) Essay Romeo and JulietRomeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares plays about tragedy. It is about two lovers who commit suicide when their feuding famillies prevent them from being together. The play has many characters, each with its own role in keeping the plot line. Some characters have very little to do with the plot but some have the plot revolving around them. Friar Lawrence does not have very much time on stage but the time he does have is crucial to the plot line. Through his words Friar Lawrence demonstrates the he is a good intentioned, yet sometimes short-sighted, man who is not afraid to take risks to help othersOne of Friar Lawrences most favourable traits is how good intentioned he is. He may do something out of the ordinary if he thinks the outcome will help someone he cares for. For example, when he says In one respect Ill thy assistant be; for this alliance may so happy prove, to turn your households rancour to pure love.(Act 2, Scene 3), he is saying that the only reason he will marry Romeo and Juliet is because he hopes that the marriage will end the hostilities between the two houses. When he says Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift, and hither shall he come; and he and I shall watch thy waking, and that very night shall Romeo bear thee to Mantua. (Act 4, Scene 1), he tells Juliet how everything will be all right. Unfortunately, for all his good intentions the play still ends in tragedy. Friar Lawrence is a man who is not afraid to take risks when he feels it is neccesary to help someone. For example in Act 2, Scene 6, when he marries Romeo and Juliet, he is risking his reputation as a Friar so he can help the two lovers. Also, when he says Take thou this vial, being then in bed, and this distilled liquor drink though off; (Act 4, Scene 1), he is suggesting that Juliet drink a potion so that she might feighn her own death and avoid marrying Paris. This is an extremely risky thing to do because anything might happen to Juliet while she unconscious. Even after all Friar did to help Romeo and Juliet the play still ended in tragedy because of Friar Lawrences short sightedness. When the Friar married Romeo Juliet in secrecy, he did not think of all the complications that would arise but instead went on with the marriage because at that time he thought it was the right thing to do. In Act 4, Scene 1, he gave Juliet a sleeping potion without thinking of the possible outcomes of such an outrages plan. He admits that much of the fault of the tragedy lies in his hands when he says And her I stand both to impeach and purge myself condemned and myself excused, and when he say Her nurse is privy; and, if aught in this miscarried by myself (Act 5, Scene 3). Although Friar Lawrence does not have an especially large role, his role is none the less important. It is because of his good intentions that he was willing to help his friends that Romeo and Juliet were married a key event in the play. It is because of his willingness to take risks for his friends that Juliet aqquired the sleeping potion another key event in the play. Finally, it was the shortsightedness of his actions that in part led to the deaths of the two lead characters. This demonstartes that Friar Lawrence was a man who was a man with good intentions who was willing to take risks to help his frieneds. If he had been any other way, the play might not have turned out the way it did. .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c , .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c .postImageUrl , .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c , .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c:hover , .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e 91c:visited , .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c:active { border:0!important; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c:active , .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; pa dding: 0; width: 100%; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u26964f89904eedba593bd09a20e6e91c:after { content: ""; display: block; c lear: both; } READ: Steroids Essay

Contemporary Issues in Society and Business

Question: Students analyse corporate scandal or controversy, examining its causes, its social and / or environmental impact, and the nurture and adequacy of response to it on the part of the wider industry or sector? Answer: Introduction As opined by Philip Kotler in his work Principles of Marketing as consumerism and environmentalism movements mature worldwide it has become essential for marketers to ensure that they are aware of the impact their actions have on society and environment (Grnewlder, 2008). Corporate Social Responsibility determines how organisations integrate corporate self-regulation into their business models (Coombs Holladay, 2011). CSR policies serve as a self-regulatory mechanism which help organisations monitor and control the activities in a way that they adhere to ethical standards, spirit of law and international norms. This report analyses the social responsibility issues associated with the Hershey Company sourcing its cocoa from West Africa which is accused for extensive child labor, forced labor and human trafficking. It identifies the root cause behind Hershey Companys failure to perform its responsibilities towards society and environment. The report also discussed the natures and adeq uacy of responses to such issues presented by the industry. Founded in year 1894, by Milton S. Hershey, The Hershey Company headquartered in Hershey, PA, is North Americas largest chocolate manufacturer (The Hershey Company, 2015). The company has wide international presence with facilities in more than 90 countries across the globe. The company considers is people as its most precious assets and thus employs 13,000 employees across the globe and put in their best to deliver high quality, delicious products to most valued customers. The company has recorded annual revenue of $ 7.1 billion and has more than 80 brands across the globe. In-spite being recognised as a global brand Hershey Company has been accused for sourcing its cocoa from West Africa where the cocoa farmers are known to use forced and child labor. Hershey Companys failure to meet its corporate social responsibility and its unethical sourcing of raw materials is showing adverse affects on its brand image across the globe. Analysis of Issues involved Hershey Company has failed to take the responsibility of its cocoa supply chain and has been accused to source most of its cocoa from West Africa which is plagued by abusive child labor. Apart from child labor there are number of social responsibilities issues associated with Hershey sourcing its cocoa from West Africa. Cocoa farmers in West African region are recognised as the major supplier of cocoa in world still they live in poverty while the chocolate corporations earn huge profits. These suppliers are not even paid enough to hire adult workers at cocoa plantation farmers. Statistics reveal that just 6.6% of the value of $1 Chocolate bar actually researches the farmers, 35.2% is received by chocolate manufacturers and 44.2% is received by retail and taxes (Nieburg, 2015). Sustainability efforts made by chocolate producing companies like Hershey are actually failing to address the actual problem of poverty faced by cocoa suppliers. Hershey company do not source cocoa that has been certified by independent organisations thus cannot ensure that their raw materials meet various social, labor and environmental standards. Hershey lacks well defined policies and procedures that help ensuring that the cocoa it has purchased is grown without the use of any form of labor exploitation. Hershey is not involved in ethical sourcing and fail to source Fair Trade Certified cocoa Causes behind the Issues The primary reasons behind the social responsibility issues identified above are; Unethical Sourcing: Hershey sources its cocoa from West Africa a region that is accused for abusive child labor, human trafficking and forced labor. It been more than 10 years since the worlds leading chocolate companies promised to tackle child labour still there are more than 80,000 children working for the cocoa industry in Ivory Coast, the worlds largest producer of cocoa (BBC News, 2011). These children are forced to work for long hours at the farms and are almost paid nothing. They are forced to indulge in dangerous jobs which result in lifelong injuries and even deaths (BBC News, 2011). Most of the families in West Africa are involved in cocoa production on small farmers and are not even able to earn a living income. They are paid really less for the beans thus they do not have enough money to employ adult workers and pay them fair wages. Hersey has been well aware of this fact since year 2001still its lacks control over its supply chain and continue to source from West Africa without ensuring that cocoa it purchases is free from labor rights abuses of any form. Hershey enjoys a market share of 42.5% in United States chocolate industry still it fails to ensure that its products do not use cocoa that is produced under most harmful conditions of abusive child labour Lack of Transparency: As stated by the 2010 Trafficking in Persons report there is no effective way to monitor a supply chain until it is traced all the way down to the raw materials. According to the report businesses are responsible for all the labor involved in their supply chain starting from the production of raw materials and in order to ensure compliance they must get all the actions verified by an independent third party. Hershey lacks well defined programs that can help them trace their cocoa supply chain and ensure that the farms from which they source their cocoa is not using abusive child labour in any form. Hershey Trust has clearly rejected investors proposal to institute supply chain transparency programs for the cocoa its sources in year 2006. The same happened in year 2008 which clearly reveals the companys unwillingness to increase transparency and accountability in their supply chain across the globe (Mills, 2014). These rejections on Hersheys part to provide trans parency into its supply chain are completely unacceptable especially when it is associated with serious issues of abusive child labour and human trafficking. According to Richard Lenny CEO of Hershey Company providing such confidential information and revealing weaknesses in companys supply chain to shareholders will adversely affect companys market position and competitive standing. This lack of transparency in Hershey Companys supply chain further encourage farmers involved in cocoa production to use child labor on their plantations. Greenwashing: Hershey has no policies and procedures in place that can help them ensure that the cocoa they purchase and use in their products is not produced using child labor. As an example of its social responsibility Hershey points out to various charitable donations it has made for children welfare in US and West Africa (Dragiewicz, 2014). Greenwashing is a term that defines the false actions of a company or an organisation wherein they indulge in extensive advertising and marketing spending huge time and money to claim they are green rather than actually implementing business practices that will benefit the environment (Blythe, 2013). Hershey Company presents a perfect example of greenwashing by pointing out its charitable activities in its corporate social responsibility reports but at the other end they avoid policies that can help tracking their global supply chain (Baird, et al., 2012). They pay less to cocoa farmers who are in turn forced to use child labor on their farms which is the only means of living for them. In the United States, Hershey Company makes significant efforts to support underserved children however fails to take adequate measures to ensure that rights of children are protected in the process of production of its main ingredients (Gustafson, 2014). Heshey points of a number of initiatives its has taken to improve the life of children in West Africa however no specific information is available on how these investment actually prevents use of child and forced labor on cocoa plantation farmers from where it purchases its cocoa. Lack of Certification: Consumer today form the heart of all business and marketing strategies(Ferrell Hartline, 2012). With a rapid increase in health education across the globe consumers today have changed their ways of buying eatables. Apart from the nutritional benefits associated with the product they are also keen to have complete knowledge about the source of ingredients used in its production (Belch Belch, 2011). They want to have complete information about the conditions under which the products are manufactured(Saxena, 2010). Consumers today expect companies to ensure that they are accountable for any labor and environmental issues in their supply chain. They expect companies to have strong policies to protect workers right(Sahaf, 2008). They want companies to ensure that commitments made by them on paper are actually implemented in an effective manner and are monitored and audited by independent third parties. In order to create a sustainable supply chain for cocoa it is essential that certification schemes are implemented by chocolate companies. These certification schemes help ensuring that cocoa is produced according to specified social and environmental standards. Fair Trade, UTZ certified, Rainforest Alliance and Organic certification are some of the certification programs that are used by cocoa sector of West Africa (Bhagwati, 2007). Very few of Hersheys chocolate products are Fair Trade certified making the company lag behind competitors in development of a sustainable cocoa supply chain. Social and Environmental Impact of Issues Unethical sourcing of cocoa from West African region has serious adverse affects on the local communities and environment of the area. West Africa is the worlds largest producer and supplier of cocoa (Bloxham, 2012). Around 70% of worlds cocoa supply comes from the Ivory Coast. Reports reveal that Hershey sources its cocoa from suppliers who use abusive child labor. As the farmers are paid very less they are forced to employ cheap labor in order to keep production cost low (Baines, et al., 2013). They are even not paid enough to employ adult labor thus indulge in appointing child labor and human trafficking. Statistics reveal that children working at cocoa plantations are between 12-15 years of age and some are even as small as 5 years old (Baird, et al., 2012). It is estimated that child labor is being employed by about two-third of African farms. The International Labor Organisation in year 2007 conducted a research which reveals that around 284,000 children worked for cocoa farms in Ivory Coast under hazardous conditions which included activities like working with sharp objects, safety equipments, and pesticides and in an environment full of harmful animals, inspects and snakes (Baird, et al., 2012). A survey conducted by the Tulane University and the Government of Ivory Coast the cocoa business use around 819,921 as underpaid labors. With a rise in demand of cocoa beans globally the cases of labor exploitation has witnessed a tremendous increase. Child labor is serious offense which not only spoils the life of children involved but also affects the growth of the society as a whole. It is the primary reason behind the growth of illiteracy rate and poverty of the region (Taylor, 2006). Child labor has serious consequences like malnutrition, life threaten injuries, conical diseases and even deaths. It is hampering the economical development of the region and its culture. Nature and Adequacy of Response to Issues A rise in the serious issue of child labor in West African region has considerably drawn attention of organisations and corporations that are sourcing their raw materials from the region. A number of laws, initiatives and measure have been implemented by them in order to reduce child labor in the region for cocoa plantation business (Boone Kurtz, 2015). In Africa a law prohibits children under the age of 14 years from getting involved into business sector except on family farms. A number of worlds leading organisation has come together in support of ethical sourcing of cocoa by implementing policies and relying on third-part certifications that help them ensuring that the cocoa they purchase is not produced using child labor or other forms of labor exploitations (Halbert Ingulli, 2014). A number of organisations work globally to minimise the child labor issues present in the cocoa business. Some of these organisations are; World cocoa Foundation (WCF), Sustainable Tree Crops Progra m (STCP), Harkin-Engel Protocol, International Cocoa Initiative (ICI) and International Labor Organisation (ILO) (Baird, et al., 2012). There are a number of third-part certifications that help ensuring that cocoa is produced ethically. Some of these certifications recognised worldwide are; Fair Trade, UTZ Certified, Rainforest Alliance and Organic (Mills, 2014). All these help chocolate producing companies ensure they have built a sustainable supply chain. Commentary In order to gather evidence and data for the assignment the articles mentioned in the appendices section are used. These are all articles from renowned online websites that have a long history of publishing trustworthy data. They all focus on the social responsibility issue of child labour associated with Hershey Companys unethical sourcing of cocoa from West African region which accused for using abusive child labor, forced labor and human trafficking on their cocoa plantation farms. All these five articles bring out the dark side of worlds largest manufacturer of chocolate and other confectionaries. They show how Hershey Company presents a perfect example of greenwashing wherein they are investing huge money in advertisements and marketing techniques to show that they are performing their responsibilities towards the society and environment and are involved in charitable activities to ensure well being of underserved children but on the other side they are sourcing their cocoa from West Africa which is plagued by child labour. These articles speak about how the farmers in West Africa are merely able to earn their living while the companies that purchase the cocoa produced by them are actually earning exceptionally high profits. In-spite being the worlds largest producer of cocoa West Africa is poverty struck and owing to this fact they rely on child labor which helps them in keeping the production cost low. The video presented by the BBC make the audience feel miserable for the children who are forced to work in cocoa farms and even indulge in dangerous activities. The video actually makes the audience feel the pain felt by small children when they get injured working with hazardous substances. The other articles present in details the statistical figures that reveal the number of children and their average age who are being used at cocoa plantations. They also inform the readers how these children are kept far away from their families and are treated as animals. They are not even paid minimum wages and at times even denied meals. The articles focus on the increase in demand of consumers to know about the exact source of production of products. Consumers today want organisations to take complete responsibility of sourcing their products from suppliers that are not involved in unethical activities. It is important that business ensure that perform their duties towards their society and e nvironment. The articles inform the readers about Hershey Companys rejection to shareholders request to increase transparency in the supply chain and their lack of policies that help ensuring cocoa used in their products is not produced using child labor. The articles suggest ways by which Hershey can increase the sustainability of its supply chain and ensure children rights are protected in West African cocoa farms. All the articles conclude by informing Harshey Company that its high time they should take the responsibility of their cocoa supply chain. Appendices https://www.confectionerynews.com/Commodities/Poverty-in-cocoa-ignored-in-sustainablity-drive-Cocoa-Barometer-2015 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-15686731 https://danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu/pdf/Hershey%20Case.pdf www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-03-18/hershey-judge-says-shareholders-can-seek-child-labor-files-1- https://www.confectionerynews.com/Manufacturers/Court-refuses-to-dismiss-Hershey-child-labor-case References Baines, P., Fill, C. Page, K., (2013) Essentials of Marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Baird, H., Guevara, N. Karpechenko, A., (2012) The Hershey Company and West African Cocoa Communities. [Online] Available at: https://danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu/pdf/Hershey%20Case.pdf [Accessed 2015]. BBC News, (2011) Cocoa farms in Ivory Coast still using child labour. [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-15686731 [Accessed 2015]. Belch, G. Belch, M., (2011) Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. Chicago: McGraw-Hill Education. Bhagwati, J., (2007) In Defense of Globalization: With a New Afterword. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bloxham, E., (2012) Chocolate and child labor: A hurdle for Hershey. [Online] Available at: https://fortune.com/2012/11/16/chocolate-and-child-labor-a-hurdle-for-hershey/ [Accessed 2015]. Blythe, J., (2013) Principles and Practice of Marketing. London: Sage. Boone, L. Kurtz, D., (2015) Contemporary Marketing. New York: Cengage Learning. Coombs, W. T. Holladay, S. J., (2011) Managing Corporate Social Responsibility: A Communication Approach. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Dragiewicz, M., (2014) Global Human Trafficking: Critical Issues and Contexts. New Jersey: Routledge. Ferrell, O. C. Hartline, M., (2012) Marketing strategy. New York: Cengage Learning. Grnewlder, A., (2008) Corporate social responsibility: Implementation in German companies. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. Gustafson, E., (2014) We the Eaters: If We Change Dinner, We Can Change the World. London: Rodale. Halbert, T. Ingulli, E., (2014) Law and Ethics in the Business Environment. New York: Cengage Learning. Mills, A., (2014) Child Labour and Slavery in the Chocolate Industry. [Online] Available at: https://www.foodispower.org/slavery-chocolate/ [Accessed 2015]. Nieburg, O., (2015) Extreme poverty ignored in sustainable cocoa drive, say NGOs. [Online] Available at: https://www.confectionerynews.com/Commodities/Poverty-in-cocoa-ignored-in-sustainablity-drive-Cocoa-Barometer-2015 [Accessed 2015]. Sahaf, M. A., (2008) STRATEGIC MARKETING: Making Decisions for Strategic Advantage. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Saxena, R., (2010) Marketing Management 4E. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Taylor, A. J. W., (2006) Justice as a Basic Human Need. New York: Nova Publishers. The Hershey Company, (2015) Company Profile. [Online] Available at: https://www.thehersheycompany.com/investors/company-profile.aspx [Accessed 2015].